Shariah

12 Grade 9 Religious Education (IRE) questions on Shariah, with worked marking schemes. 12 questions are available on this topic in full.

1. Question 1

   1 mark

   The two primary sources of Shariah are:

   A. Urf and Istihsan

   B. Ijma and Qiyas

   C. Ijtihad and Fatwa

   D. The Qur'an and the Sunnah

   (1 mark)

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2. Question 2

   1 mark

   A learner argues that Shariah is only about punishments. The teacher explains its true purpose, noting scholars summarise it as protecting five essentials (maqasid al-shariah). Which of the following is one of these five essentials?

   A. Protection of wealth (mal)

   B. Protection of social status

   C. Protection of national borders

   D. Protection of personal fame

   (1 mark)

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3. Question 3

   1 mark

   The consensus of Muslim scholars on a matter of Islamic law is known as:

   A. Qiyas

   B. Ijma

   C. Ijtihad

   D. Sunnah

   (1 mark)

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4. Question 4

   1 mark

   Shariah literally means:

   A. A collection of prayers

   B. A place of worship

   C. A book of Hadith

   D. A path leading to a source of water

   (1 mark)

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5. Question 5

   1 mark

   A class debates where Muslims should look first for guidance on a new issue. According to the agreed-upon sources of Shariah, what is the correct order of the primary sources of Islamic law?

   A. Qiyas, then Ijma, then Sunnah, then Qur'an

   B. Qur'an, then Sunnah, then Ijma (consensus), then Qiyas (analogy)

   C. Customs first, then the Qur'an

   D. The opinion of any scholar before the Qur'an

   (1 mark)

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6. Question 6

   6 marks

   Explain the five categories (al-Ahkam al-Khamsa) into which actions are classified in Shariah.

   (6 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Award roughly 1 mk per correctly explained category with example (total 6): Wajib/Fardh - obligatory, rewarded if done, punished if left (e.g. Salah); Mandub/Sunnah - recommended, rewarded if done, no punishment if left; Mubah/Halal - permissible, neither reward nor punishment; Makruh - disliked, rewarded if avoided, no punishment if done; Haram - forbidden, punished if done, rewarded if avoided. Total 6 marks.

7. Question 7

   1 mark

   When a scholar derives a ruling by analogy from an existing ruling because of a shared cause, this method is called:

   A. Qiyas

   B. Wahy

   C. Tajwid

   D. Ijma

   (1 mark)

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8. Question 8

   1 mark

   An action that a Muslim is rewarded for doing but not punished for leaving out is classified as:

   A. Wajib (obligatory)

   B. Haram (forbidden)

   C. Mandub (recommended)

   D. Makruh (disliked)

   (1 mark)

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9. Question 9

   1 mark

   The primary aim of Shariah is to protect five essentials. Which of the following is NOT among them?

   A. Life

   B. Wealth accumulation for its own sake

   C. Religion

   D. Intellect

   (1 mark)

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10. Question 10

    6 marks

    Discuss the importance of Shariah in the life of a Muslim.

    (6 marks)

    Marking scheme

    Any six (1 mk each): guides the relationship between man and Allah; regulates human conduct and social relations; distinguishes lawful from unlawful; promotes justice and equality; protects the five essentials (religion, life, intellect, lineage, property); provides solutions to life's problems; leads to success in this life and the hereafter; creates order and discipline in society. Award 1 mk each up to 6.

11. Question 11

    1 mark

    Consuming pork and alcohol falls under which category of Islamic legal rulings?

    A. Mandub

    B. Halal

    C. Mubah

    D. Haram

    (1 mark)

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12. Question 12

    6 marks

    (a) Name the four sources of Shariah in their order of authority.

    (b) Explain how Qiyas is applied, using one example.

    (6 marks)

    Marking scheme

    (a) Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijma, Qiyas (4 mks, 1 each). (b) Qiyas is applying the ruling of an existing case to a new case because they share the same effective cause (illah) (1 mk); example: alcohol is forbidden because it intoxicates, so by analogy other intoxicating drugs like bhang are also forbidden (1 mk). Total 6 marks.

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