Slavery and Servitude
12 Grade 7 Social Studies questions on Slavery and Servitude, with worked marking schemes. 12 questions are available on this topic in full.
Question 1
6 marksThe slave trade had serious effects on East Africa during the 19th century. a) Identify two ways through which Africans were obtained as slaves in East Africa. (2 marks) b) Describe two negative effects of the slave trade on East African communities. (4 marks)
(6 marks)
Marking scheme
a) Two ways Africans were obtained as slaves (any two): - Through raids and wars in which stronger communities attacked weaker ones and captured people. - Through kidnapping of individuals, especially children and young people. - Through exchange/trade, where Africans were sold by some local rulers or traders in return for goods. - Through punishment, where criminals or prisoners were sold off as slaves. b) Two negative effects (any two, well described): - Depopulation: many people were captured or killed, so the population of affected areas reduced greatly and there was a shortage of able-bodied people. - Insecurity and fear: communities lived in constant fear of slave raids, which disrupted normal life, farming and trade. - Destruction of families and communities: families were separated and some villages were completely destroyed during raids. - Suffering and death: many captives died on the long journeys to the coast due to hunger, disease and harsh treatment.
Question 2
4 marksDescribe four effects of the slave trade on the African continent.
(4 marks)
Marking scheme for this question
Create a free account to see itQuestion 3
1 markA historian explains that one African community raided a neighbouring community and sold the captives to coastal traders. Which internal cause of the slave trade does this illustrate?
A. Drought and famine in Europe
B. Industrial revolution in Britain
C. Inter-community wars and raids for captives
D. Discovery of gold in the Americas
(1 mark)
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Create a free account to see itQuestion 4
1 markDuring the trans-Atlantic slave trade, captured Africans were mainly transported to work on plantations in which region?
A. Western Europe
B. The Americas (New World)
C. East Asia
D. Southern Africa
(1 mark)
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Create a free account to see itQuestion 5
1 markDuring the trans-Atlantic slave trade, enslaved Africans were mainly transported across the Atlantic Ocean to work in which region?
A. Europe
B. The Americas
C. East Asia
D. Australia
(1 mark)
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Create a free account to see itQuestion 6
1 markWhich of the following was a major effect of the slave trade on African societies?
A. Improved peace between communities
B. Rapid growth of industries in Africa
C. An increase in the African population
D. Depopulation and loss of able-bodied people
(1 mark)
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Create a free account to see itQuestion 7
1 markDuring the East African slave trade, captured people were mainly transported from the interior to the coast and sold at the slave market in:
A. Kisumu
B. Zanzibar
C. Nairobi
D. Eldoret
(1 mark)
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Create a free account to see itQuestion 8
1 markWhich one of the following BEST explains the difference between slavery and servitude?
A. In slavery the worker is always paid; in servitude the worker is never paid
B. Slavery happened only in Africa while servitude happened only in Europe
C. Servitude means owning land while slavery means owning cattle
D. In slavery a person is owned as property; in servitude a person serves under an obligation for a period
(1 mark)
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Create a free account to see itQuestion 9
1 markThe journey across the Atlantic Ocean during which enslaved Africans were packed in ships under terrible conditions is commonly called the:
A. Long March
B. Silk Road
C. Middle Passage
D. Great Trek
(1 mark)
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Create a free account to see itQuestion 10
1 markAlong the East African coast, Arab traders mainly exchanged which goods for enslaved Africans?
A. Cloth, beads and firearms
B. Gold coins minted in Europe
C. Motor vehicles
D. Refined petroleum
(1 mark)
Marking scheme for this question
Create a free account to see itQuestion 11
6 marksExplain three factors that encouraged the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
(6 marks)
Marking scheme
2 marks each (max 6): demand for cheap labour on plantations in the Americas (sugar, cotton, tobacco); profitability/availability of goods such as guns and cloth to exchange; inter-community wars and raids that supplied captives; presence of African middlemen/coastal traders; greed of some local leaders for trade goods; the triangular trade system linking Europe, Africa and the Americas. Accept any three well-explained factors.
Question 12
6 marks(a) Identify two forms of servitude that existed in traditional African societies. (2 marks) (b) State two ways in which such servitude differed from chattel slavery. (4 marks)
(6 marks)
Marking scheme
(a) 1 mark each (max 2): pawnship (working to repay a debt); domestic/household service; bonded labour; captives integrated into the household. (b) 2 marks each (max 4): the servant retained some rights/was treated as part of the household; servitude was often temporary and could end; the person was not bought and sold as mere property; servants could marry/own some property, unlike chattel slaves who were owned for life. Accept valid contrasts.
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