Hygiene in Rearing Animals
23 Grade 7 Agriculture questions on Hygiene in Rearing Animals, with worked marking schemes. 23 questions are available on this topic in full.
Question 1
4 marks(a) Name two external parasites that affect cattle.
(b) Explain two hygiene practices used to control external and internal parasites in livestock.
(4 marks)
Marking scheme
(a) Any 2 (1 mark each): ticks; lice; fleas; mites; tsetse flies. (b) Any 2 (1 mark each): dipping/spraying with acaricide to control external parasites; grooming/brushing to remove parasites; deworming to control internal parasites; keeping the house/bedding clean and dry; rotational grazing to break parasite cycles.
Question 2
1 markIsolating a sick animal from the rest of the herd is important because it:
A. Improves milk production
B. Increases the number of sick animals
C. Prevents the disease from spreading to healthy animals
D. Makes the sick animal recover slower
(1 mark)
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1 markA farmer notices that his chickens kept in a dirty, damp coop are frequently falling sick. As a Grade 7 learner, which practice would you recommend to improve hygiene and reduce disease?
A. Cleaning and disinfecting the coop regularly and keeping it dry
B. Adding more birds to the same dirty coop
C. Leaving droppings to pile up for warmth
D. Closing all vents to keep out fresh air
(1 mark)
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1 markWhich of the following practices best maintains hygiene in a poultry house?
A. Leaving droppings to accumulate
B. Overcrowding the birds
C. Regular cleaning and removal of droppings
D. Never changing the litter
(1 mark)
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1 markA farmer notices worms affecting his goats. Which routine hygiene practice controls internal parasites?
A. Fencing
B. Milking
C. Deworming
D. Dipping
(1 mark)
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3 marksExplain three consequences of poor hygiene when rearing livestock.
(3 marks)
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4 marksA farmer notices one of his goats is dull, not feeding and separated from the herd.
(a) State whether the goat is healthy or unhealthy and give one sign to support your answer.
(b) Explain two hygiene-related actions the farmer should take.
(4 marks)
Marking scheme
(a) (2 marks): unhealthy; sign (any 1): dullness/loss of appetite/isolation from herd/rough coat/dull eyes. (b) Any 2 (1 mark each): isolate the sick animal to prevent spread of disease; seek advice/treatment from a veterinary officer; clean and disinfect the house/equipment; provide clean water and feed; deworm/treat as advised.
Question 8
1 markA dairy farmer washes the cow's udder and his hands before milking. This practice mainly helps to:
A. Change the colour of the milk
B. Make the cow produce faster
C. Increase the milk quantity
D. Produce clean, hygienic milk
(1 mark)
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1 markWhy is it important to provide clean drinking water to farm animals?
A. To prevent water-borne diseases
B. To reduce their appetite
C. To increase droppings
D. To make the animals thirsty
(1 mark)
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1 markWhich of the following ensures good ventilation and hygiene in a livestock house?
A. Overcrowding of animals
B. Completely closed walls
C. Wet, dirty floors
D. Well-spaced openings that allow fresh air in
(1 mark)
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1 markDipping or spraying cattle with an acaricide is a hygiene practice that mainly controls:
A. Ticks and other external parasites
B. Bacteria in the feed
C. Poor housing
D. Internal worms only
(1 mark)
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6 marksA farmer in Nyandarua keeps dairy cattle but the cowshed is often muddy, dirty and the animals are frequently sick.
(a) State THREE hygiene practices the farmer should adopt in the cowshed to keep the animals healthy. (3 marks)
(b) Give ONE disease that can result from poor hygiene in the animal house. (1 mark)
(c) Explain why clean drinking water is important for the dairy cattle. (2 marks)
(6 marks)
Marking scheme
(a) (any THREE, 1 mark each): - Clean the cowshed regularly and remove dung/waste to keep it dry and free of mud. - Provide clean, dry bedding and replace it when it becomes wet or soiled. - Disinfect the shed and equipment to kill germs/parasites. - Ensure proper drainage so water and urine do not collect in the shed. - Clean feeding and watering troughs regularly. (b) (any ONE, 1 mark): Mastitis / foot rot / pneumonia / worm infestation (any disease linked to dirty, damp conditions). (c) (2 marks): Clean drinking water prevents the animals from taking in germs and parasites that cause disease; it keeps the cattle healthy and helps in digestion and milk production. Dirty water spreads infections and lowers productivity.
Question 13
1 markWhy should feeding and drinking troughs be cleaned regularly?
A. To waste feed
B. To attract pests
C. To prevent contamination and disease
D. To make animals eat less
(1 mark)
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1 markGrooming animals such as cattle by brushing their coat helps to:
A. Make them refuse to feed
B. Reduce their body temperature
C. Remove dirt and external parasites from the skin
D. Increase ticks on the body
(1 mark)
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1 markBefore milking the family cow, a Grade 7 learner is taught the correct hygiene steps. Which action helps produce clean, safe milk?
A. Washing hands and the cow's udder before milking
B. Milking into a rusty, unwashed tin
C. Milking immediately after handling manure without washing
D. Storing the milk in an open dirty container
(1 mark)
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3 marksState three reasons why maintaining hygiene is important when rearing animals.
(3 marks)
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1 markWhich of the following is the MOST likely result of poor hygiene in an animal house?
A. Higher milk quality
B. Fewer parasites
C. Frequent outbreaks of disease
D. Faster animal growth
(1 mark)
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1 markA poultry farmer finds that birds in a dirty, damp chicken house are frequently falling sick. Which hygiene practice would BEST improve the health of the birds?
A. Cleaning and disinfecting the house and providing dry litter regularly
B. Reducing the number of feeders
C. Keeping the house permanently closed and dark
D. Mixing sick and healthy birds together
(1 mark)
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4 marksExplain four ways in which a farmer can maintain hygiene in a poultry house.
(4 marks)
Marking scheme
Any 4 (1 mark each): clean the house regularly and remove droppings; provide clean dry litter and replace it when soiled; supply clean fresh water and clean the drinkers; clean feeders and remove stale feed; ensure good ventilation; disinfect the house; avoid overcrowding; control pests/rodents.
Question 20
6 marksA Grade 7 learner visits a neighbour's dairy farm and observes that the cattle shed is muddy, the feed troughs are dirty, and the animals are coughing and have skin parasites. The learner relates this to poor hygiene in rearing animals.
(a) Explain TWO ways in which the poor hygiene observed could affect the health and productivity of the animals. (4 marks)
(b) State TWO measures the farmer should take to improve hygiene in the cattle shed. (2 marks)
(6 marks)
Marking scheme
(a) Any TWO well-explained (2 marks each = 4 marks): (1) The dirty, muddy shed and feed troughs provide breeding grounds for disease-causing organisms and parasites, so the animals easily get diseases (e.g. coughing from poor air/dust, infestation by ticks/mites), which lowers their growth and milk production. (2) Sick and parasite-infested animals feed poorly and use their energy fighting disease rather than producing, so they lose weight and give less milk, reducing the farmer's income; dirty conditions can also contaminate the milk, making it unfit for sale. (b) Any TWO (1 mark each): clean and remove dung/litter from the shed regularly and keep it dry; clean and disinfect the feed and water troughs daily; provide proper drainage to avoid muddy/wet floors; spray/dip the animals to control external parasites; provide good ventilation; isolate and treat sick animals.
Question 21
1 markWhich of the following is a sign that an animal is unhealthy?
A. Normal feeding and movement
B. Smooth shiny coat
C. Dull eyes and loss of appetite
D. Bright eyes and alertness
(1 mark)
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1 markRemoving manure and providing clean, dry bedding in animal houses helps to:
A. Make the animals dirty
B. Increase the number of flies
C. Encourage growth of germs
D. Reduce the spread of diseases and parasites
(1 mark)
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4 marksA dairy farmer wants to produce clean milk. Describe four hygienic practices he should observe during and around milking.
(4 marks)
Marking scheme
Any 4 (1 mark each): wash and dry the udder before milking; wash hands and keep nails short/clean; use clean, sterilised milking utensils; milk in a clean environment/parlour; milk healthy cows only; strain/filter the milk; cool and store milk in clean containers; the milker should be healthy and clean.
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