Core Beliefs

17 Grade 10 Religious Education (HRE) questions on Core Beliefs, with worked marking schemes. 17 questions are available on this topic in full.

1. Question 1

   3 marks

   Outline three ways in which a follower of Dharma can show compassion to road crash survivors or to animals injured on the roads. (3 marks)

   (3 marks)

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2. Question 2

   1 mark

   Gurpreet, a Sikh youth, comes across a road crash on the Nairobi–Nakuru highway. He calls for help, gives basic first aid and stays with the injured until an ambulance arrives, expecting nothing in return. Which Sikh principle is he practising most directly?

   A. Sachaa Aachaar

   B. Nishkam Sewa

   C. Charhdi Kala

   D. Bhaana Mannana

   (1 mark)

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3. Question 3

   1 mark

   Which Sanatan belief holds that the soul (atma), when the body dies, takes on a new body according to its past deeds?

   A. Punarjanam (rebirth)

   B. Satya (truthfulness)

   C. Asteya (non-stealing)

   D. Prarthana (prayer)

   (1 mark)

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4. Question 4

   4 marks

   Explain how practising Sila and Dana promotes the well-being and happiness of an individual Buddhist. (4 marks)

   (4 marks)

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5. Question 5

   3 marks

   (a) State the meaning of Tapas in Jainism. (1 mark)

   (b) Outline two forms of Tapas that a Jain may practise. (2 marks) (Total: 3 marks)

   (3 marks)

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6. Question 6

   6 marks

   Discuss three ways in which the principles of Dharma taught in the four faiths can help to reduce road crashes in Kenya. (6 marks)

   (6 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Any three well-developed points, 2 marks each (1 mark for the principle correctly linked, 1 mark for its application to road safety) (6 marks): - Ahimsa (Sanatan/Jainism): a commitment not to harm any living being makes drivers, riders and pedestrians keep to speed limits, avoid dangerous overtaking and look out for pedestrians and animals. - Satya (truthfulness): road users are honest about their fitness to drive (fatigue, illness, eyesight), hold genuine licences and refuse to bribe traffic officers, so the traffic laws are actually enforced. - Aparigraha / non-greed: matatu and boda boda operators refuse to overload vehicles or work dangerously long hours just to earn more money. - Brahmacharya / self-control: drivers control their senses and temper, avoid alcohol and drugs, and do not get into road rage. - Sila (Buddhism): keeping the fifth precept (abstaining from intoxicants) prevents drink-driving and drug-impaired driving. - Khanti (patience): drivers wait in traffic queues, do not use pavements or road shoulders, and do not jump red lights. - Panna (wisdom): road users think about risks, e.g. wearing seat belts and helmets, keeping vehicles roadworthy and not using phones while driving. - Anekantavada: seeing a situation from other road users' point of view reduces conflict and aggressive driving. - Sarbat da Bhala (Sikhism): caring about everyone's welfare makes a person a considerate road user who protects others, not only himself or herself. - Sachaa Aachaar (truthful conduct): obeying the Traffic Act and NTSA rules even when no police officer is present.

7. Question 7

   4 marks

   Describe how a Hindu youth can practise each of the following Niyamas in daily life:

   (a) Saucha (2 marks)

   (b) Swadhyay (2 marks) (Total: 4 marks)

   (4 marks)

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8. Question 8

   1 mark

   Asha, a Hindu learner in Grade 10, missed a county scholarship by a few marks. She congratulates the winner, feels no envy, and remains grateful for the opportunities she already has. Which Niyama (observance) of Sanatan Dharma is she practising?

   A. Tapas

   B. Santosh

   C. Saucha

   D. Swadhyay

   (1 mark)

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9. Question 9

   5 marks

   (a) Name the three pillars of Sikhism taught by Guru Nanak Dev Ji. (3 marks)

   (b) Explain how practising any one of these pillars promotes social integrity in a Kenyan community. (2 marks) (Total: 5 marks)

   (5 marks)

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10. Question 10

    4 marks

    Explain how the principles of Dharma help to unite people of different backgrounds. (4 marks)

    (4 marks)

    Marking scheme

    Any two well-explained points, 2 marks each (1 mark for the principle, 1 mark for how it unites people) (4 marks): - Sarbat da Bhala (Sikhism): Sikhs pray for the welfare of all humanity, not just their own community, so they serve and respect everyone equally. - Wand ke Chhakna / langar: people of every tribe, religion, caste and status sit and eat together, which removes barriers between them. - Metta (Buddhism): loving-kindness is extended to all beings without discrimination, which builds friendship across groups. - Ahimsa (Sanatan/Jainism): refusing to harm anyone reduces ethnic and religious violence and encourages peaceful co-existence. - Anekantavada (Jainism): accepting that others may hold part of the truth encourages tolerance and dialogue between people who disagree. - Satya: truthful dealings build trust between communities, e.g. in business and leadership. - Dana / Daswandh: generosity towards the needy, whatever their background, builds solidarity. - The Sanatan idea that the whole world is one family (Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam) teaches that all people are related.

11. Question 11

    4 marks

    Explain how practising each of the following Buddhist paramis would help a Grade 10 learner in school life:

    (a) Viriya (2 marks)

    (b) Metta (2 marks) (Total: 4 marks)

    (4 marks)

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12. Question 12

    1 mark

    Two student leaders disagree strongly about whether a new school rule is fair. Their Jain teacher reminds them that each of them may be seeing only part of the truth, and that both views deserve respect. Which Jain principle is the teacher applying?

    A. Asteya (non-stealing)

    B. Aparigraha (non-possessiveness)

    C. Anekantavada (many-sidedness)

    D. Ahimsa (non-violence)

    (1 mark)

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13. Question 13

    8 marks

    Draw a chart that a Grade 10 class could display, showing one core principle from EACH of the four faiths (Sanatan, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism), the meaning of the principle and one activity that models it to promote social integrity. (8 marks)

    (8 marks)

    Marking scheme

    For each of the four faiths, 2 marks (8 marks): - 1 mark: a principle that genuinely belongs to that faith, with its correct meaning. - 1 mark: an appropriate activity that models it for social integrity. A principle placed under the wrong faith earns no marks for that row. Accept any correct principle; examples: Sanatan: - Satya (truthfulness): run an honesty kiosk in the school canteen / refuse to cheat in examinations. - Ahimsa (non-violence): lead a peace club that settles disputes without fighting. - Saucha (purity): organise a clean-up of the school or market. Jainism: - Ahimsa (non-violence to all living beings): run a campaign against cruelty to donkeys and other animals. - Anekantavada (many-sidedness): hold an inter-faith debate in which each side restates the other's view respectfully. - Aparigraha (non-possessiveness): collect and donate surplus clothes and books. Buddhism: - Dana (generosity): hold a food drive for a children's home. - Metta (loving-kindness): set up a buddy system to welcome new learners. - Khanti (patience): role-play calm responses to provocation. Sikhism: - Wand ke Chhakna (sharing): serve a langar-style meal open to all. - Nishkam Sewa (selfless service): volunteer at a hospital or a road-safety awareness day. - Kirat Karna (honest living): set up a school business club that follows fair-trading rules.

14. Question 14

    3 marks

    Outline three ways in which a Jain learner can practise Ahimsa in daily life to promote the well-being of others. (3 marks)

    (3 marks)

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15. Question 15

    1 mark

    A Buddhist learner in Nairobi is mocked by classmates after failing a test. She stays calm, does not hit back, and bears the insults without anger. Which parami (perfection) is she mainly practising?

    A. Adhitthana

    B. Nekkhamma

    C. Dana

    D. Khanti

    (1 mark)

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16. Question 16

    4 marks

    Explain two ways in which practising Brahmacharya contributes to the personal development of a Grade 10 learner. (4 marks)

    (4 marks)

    Marking scheme

    Any two well-explained points, 2 marks each (1 mark for the point, 1 mark for explaining it) (4 marks): - Brahmacharya is self-control of the senses, so the learner directs time and energy to studies and talents instead of distractions, and academic performance improves. - Abstaining from sexual activity at this stage protects the learner from teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections and dropping out of school, keeping future goals on track. - Moderation in food, sleep, entertainment and screen time builds good health and discipline. - Avoiding pornography and other harmful media keeps the mind clear and respectful towards others. - Self-restraint helps the learner resist peer pressure towards alcohol, drugs and other risky behaviour. - It builds willpower and character, preparing the learner for responsible adult life and for faithfulness in future marriage. - A disciplined life brings inner peace and self-respect, and earns the trust of parents and teachers.

17. Question 17

    1 mark

    In Sikhism, the practice of Daswandh means

    A. bathing early in the morning before daily prayer

    B. wishing well-being for the whole of humanity

    C. spreading the Guru's teachings to other people

    D. giving a tenth of one's income to serve others

    (1 mark)

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