Public Participation

10 Grade 10 History and Citizenship questions on Public Participation, with worked marking schemes. 10 questions are available on this topic in full.

1. Question 1

   4 marks

   Explain four benefits of public participation in county development projects.

   (4 marks)

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2. Question 2

   1 mark

   The Constitution of Kenya provides that all sovereign power belongs to the people and may be exercised either directly or through elected representatives. Which of the following is an example of the people exercising that power DIRECTLY?

   A. A Member of Parliament voting on a Bill in the National Assembly

   B. A Cabinet Secretary issuing regulations under an Act of Parliament

   C. Residents voting in a referendum on a proposed amendment to the Constitution

   D. A county executive committee member approving a road contract

   (1 mark)

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3. Question 3

   2 marks

   Distinguish between civic education and public participation.

   (2 marks)

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4. Question 4

   4 marks

   Suggest four ways in which learners in a senior school can practise public participation within their school and their local community.

   (4 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Award 1 mark for each practical and relevant suggestion, maximum 4 marks: - Taking part in the election of the student council and standing for a leadership position. - Presenting views on school rules, meals or timetables through class representatives, the student council or a suggestion box. - Speaking at school assemblies or club meetings where decisions affecting learners are discussed. - Joining a school club, such as an environmental or health club, that plans and carries out community projects like tree planting or clean-ups. - Accompanying parents or guardians to ward barazas and county forums and listening to the issues raised. - Writing a letter or petition to the ward representative or county assembly about a local issue such as a broken footbridge. - Using verified online and media platforms responsibly to raise a community concern. Suggestions must be actions the learner can realistically take; reject answers such as voting in a general election, for which learners of this age are not yet eligible.

5. Question 5

   3 marks

   Outline three channels, other than voting in an election, through which a citizen may influence a decision of the national government.

   (3 marks)

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6. Question 6

   5 marks

   Describe five challenges that limit effective public participation in Kenya.

   (5 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Award 1 mark for each challenge correctly described, maximum 5 marks: - Short notice and poor publicity, so residents learn about a forum only after it has been held. - Documents such as draft Bills and budgets written in technical language or in English only, which few residents can follow. - Venues far from where people live, so the cost of transport keeps poorer residents away. - Meetings scheduled during working or farming hours, which locks out traders, farm workers and parents. - Low levels of civic awareness, so residents do not know they have a right to be heard or what the process is for. - Views being collected but never acted on or reported back, which discourages people from attending again. - Forums dominated by a few officials or vocal individuals, leaving women, youth and persons with disabilities little room to speak. Credit any five distinct challenges.

7. Question 7

   1 mark

   A residents' welfare group asks a county government for a copy of the progress report on a stalled borehole project. The county refuses to release it and gives no reason. The residents' strongest ground for insisting on the report is that:

   A. the report is the private property of the contractor who did the work

   B. project information may only be released after the project has been completed

   C. every citizen has a constitutional right of access to information held by the State

   D. only the Auditor-General is permitted to read county project reports

   (1 mark)

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8. Question 8

   1 mark

   Which of the following best shows effective public participation in a county budget process?

   A. The county discusses the draft budget with members of the county assembly only

   B. The county publishes the finished budget on its website after the county assembly has approved it

   C. The county asks residents to vote in a referendum on the budget

   D. The county holds forums in every ward while the budget is still a draft and keeps a record of the views raised

   (1 mark)

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9. Question 9

   1 mark

   At a county forum on a proposed cattle dip, residents raise strong concerns about the chosen site. The county later builds the dip on the original site and never explains how the residents' views were treated. Which principle of public participation has mainly been ignored?

   A. Residents must be paid an allowance before they attend a public forum

   B. Views collected from the public must be considered, and feedback given on how they were used

   C. Only registered voters of the ward may attend a county forum

   D. Every proposal must be approved by a majority vote of those present at the forum

   (1 mark)

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10. Question 10

    1 mark

    A county assembly intends to pass a law raising market fees for traders at a busy market town. Before the law is debated, the assembly invites the traders to a public hearing. The assembly does this mainly because:

    A. traders are the only residents who pay county levies

    B. a public hearing takes the place of the vote by members of the assembly

    C. it must obtain the traders' permission before it can pass any law

    D. the Constitution requires county assemblies to facilitate public participation in their law-making business

    (1 mark)

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