Political Developments and Challenges Since Independence
10 Grade 10 History and Citizenship questions on Political Developments and Challenges Since Independence, with worked marking schemes. 10 questions are available on this topic in full.
Question 1
1 markThe repeal of Section 2A of the Constitution in December 1991 was important because it
A. created the office of Prime Minister in the national government
B. gave the Judiciary power to nullify a presidential election
C. allowed more than one political party to be registered in Kenya
D. transferred the running of schools and health centres to counties
(1 mark)
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1 markWhich change took place when Kenya became a republic on 12th December 1964?
A. An executive President replaced the Governor-General as head of state
B. Kenya was admitted into the Commonwealth of Nations for the first time
C. Kenya attained internal self-government under a Prime Minister
D. The British monarch remained head of state but with reduced powers
(1 mark)
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1 markThe National Accord and Reconciliation Act of 2008 is remembered mainly because it
A. replaced the independence Constitution with a completely new one
B. handed over the organising of elections to the High Court
C. provided for a coalition government in which the office of Prime Minister was created
D. banned all political parties from operating for a period of five years
(1 mark)
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1 markWhich political development took place in Kenya in 1966 after Jaramogi Oginga Odinga resigned as Vice-President?
A. The eight provinces were abolished and replaced with county governments
B. KANU and KADU merged, leaving the country with a single political party
C. The Kenya People's Union was formed, giving Parliament an opposition party
D. The office of Prime Minister was replaced with that of an executive President
(1 mark)
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4 marksExplain four reasons for the return to multiparty politics in Kenya in 1991.
(4 marks)
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2 marksSince 2013, residents of counties such as Trans Nzoia have received services from a county government instead of the former provincial administration. Give two reasons why devolved county governments were created by the Constitution of Kenya, 2010.
(2 marks)
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1 markWhich change in the system of government was brought about by the Constitution of Kenya, 2010?
A. The President is elected by Members of Parliament rather than by voters
B. Members of the Cabinet are chosen from among sitting Members of Parliament
C. County governments with their own governors and assemblies were created
D. Provinces became the main units through which services are delivered
(1 mark)
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3 marksState three reasons that were given for the adoption of a one-party system of government in Kenya in the years after independence.
(3 marks)
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5 marksExplain five ways in which the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 increased the part that ordinary citizens play in governance.
(5 marks)
Marking scheme
Award 1 mark for each correctly explained point, any 5 of: - It contains an expanded Bill of Rights which citizens can enforce by going to court when a right is denied. - It requires public participation in law making and in county planning and budgeting, so residents give views before decisions are made. - It allows citizens to petition Parliament or a county assembly on any matter within their authority. - It provides for the recall of a Member of Parliament or a Member of a County Assembly by the voters who elected them. - It gives every citizen the right of access to information held by the State, which makes it easier to question how funds are used. - It allows citizens to start an amendment to the Constitution through a popular initiative and to decide it in a referendum. - Devolution moved decisions about services closer to residents, so people can raise issues at county and ward level. Max 5 marks. A point that is only named, with no explanation of how it involves citizens, scores no mark.
Question 10
3 marksDescribe three challenges that have faced Kenya's political development since independence.
(3 marks)
Marking scheme
Award 1 mark each for any 3 challenges that are described, not merely named: - Politics organised around ethnic identity rather than policy, which weakens national unity and makes it harder for voters to judge candidates on their record. - Corruption, which diverts public money away from classrooms, health centres and roads and lowers trust in leaders. - Tension and insecurity around some election periods, which has displaced families and disrupted trade and learning. - Uneven development between regions, which leaves people in some areas feeling left out and creates grievances. - Weak internal democracy in political parties, which leads to disputed nominations and frequent movement of leaders between parties. - Insecurity in some areas from terrorism, banditry or cattle rustling, which limits the work of both levels of government. Max 3 marks.
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