Modern Slavery and Servitude
10 Grade 10 History and Citizenship questions on Modern Slavery and Servitude, with worked marking schemes. 10 questions are available on this topic in full.
Question 1
1 markWhich one of the following best explains why modern slavery is harder to detect than the slave trade of the nineteenth century?
A. Modern slavery affects only foreigners who cannot speak the local language
B. Modern slavery involves fewer people than the old slave trade ever did
C. Modern slavery is carried on openly in markets but victims choose not to complain
D. Modern slavery involves no legal ownership of the victim and is hidden inside ordinary homes, farms and businesses
(1 mark)
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4 marksApart from enacting laws, suggest four measures that could be taken in Kenya to combat domestic servitude.
(4 marks)
Marking scheme
Award 1 mark for each workable measure, to a maximum of 4: 1. Public awareness campaigns through chiefs' barazas, radio, religious gatherings and school clubs so that households know the practice is a crime. 2. Keeping children in school through free basic education, bursaries and follow-up on absentees by teachers and education officers. 3. Registration, licensing and inspection of employment bureaux and of people placed as household workers. 4. Rescue centres, toll-free helplines and child protection officers where victims and neighbours can report. 5. Training police, labour officers, chiefs and nyumba kumi leaders to recognise the signs of a child held in a home. 6. Poverty reduction and youth employment programmes that remove the pressure to send children away. 7. Rehabilitation, counselling and reintegration of rescued victims into school or training. 8. Cooperation with neighbouring states to trace victims moved across borders. (Max 4 x 1 = 4 marks)
Question 3
1 markWhich one of the following situations amounts to child labour?
A. A sixteen-year-old who serves customers at the family kiosk for two hours after school and still attends classes
B. A fifteen-year-old who helps the family weed the maize shamba on a Saturday morning
C. A thirteen-year-old who crushes ballast at a quarry for a daily wage throughout the school term
D. A seventeen-year-old placed in a garage for two weeks on a supervised school attachment
(1 mark)
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4 marksState four forms of modern slavery found in Kenya today.
(4 marks)
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4 marksOutline four effects of child labour on the child involved.
(4 marks)
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2 marksDistinguish between forced labour and debt bondage.
(2 marks)
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6 marksExplain three factors that make young people in rural Kenya vulnerable to human trafficking.
(6 marks)
Marking scheme
Award 1 mark for identifying the factor and 1 mark for the explanation, for any 3 factors: 1. Poverty and unemployment (1) – a young person with no income accepts an unverified job offer in a town or abroad without asking questions. (1) 2. Ignorance of the tricks used by traffickers (1) – fake recruitment agents promise good pay, air tickets and accommodation, so families hand over their children willingly. (1) 3. Dropping out of school (1) – an out-of-school teenager is idle at home and is easily persuaded to travel with a stranger or distant relative. (1) 4. Loss of parents or weak adult supervision (1) – orphans and children in child-headed homes have no one to check who takes them away. (1) 5. Drought and displacement in arid areas (1) – families that lose livestock send children away to work, exposing them to exploiters. (1) 6. Weak enforcement and porous borders (1) – traffickers move victims across borders without being screened or arrested. (1) 7. Attraction to town life and offers seen on social media (1) – young people chase promised modelling, football or house-help jobs without confirming that they exist. (1) (Any 3 x 2 = 6 marks)
Question 8
1 markWhich Act of Parliament in Kenya deals specifically with the offence of trafficking in persons?
A. The Counter-Trafficking in Persons Act
B. The Employment Act
C. The Land Registration Act
D. The Basic Education Act
(1 mark)
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1 markAkinyi, aged fourteen, was brought from Homa Bay to Nairobi by a relative who promised to pay her school fees. She now works in the relative's house from five in the morning until late at night, receives no pay, is never allowed to leave the compound and has not been enrolled in school. Her situation is best described as
A. an ordinary extended family arrangement
B. a paid internship with accommodation
C. domestic servitude
D. an informal apprenticeship in housekeeping
(1 mark)
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1 markWekesa borrowed money from a labour broker to pay a hospital bill. He was told to work on a sugarcane plantation until the debt is cleared, but deductions for food and tools keep raising the amount owed and he is not allowed to leave. Wekesa's situation is an example of
A. casual employment on a seasonal contract
B. voluntary community service
C. apprenticeship under a skilled worker
D. debt bondage
(1 mark)
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