Global Wars

10 Grade 10 History and Citizenship questions on Global Wars, with worked marking schemes. 10 questions are available on this topic in full.

1. Question 1

   4 marks

   Explain four ways in which the Second World War weakened the ability of European powers to hold on to their colonies in Africa.

   (4 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Award 1 mark each for any four explained points: - The war drained their treasuries and left them heavily in debt, so they could not afford the cost of administering and policing large empires. - Much of their industry, shipping and housing had been destroyed, so rebuilding at home took priority over colonial expenditure. - They had suffered great losses of manpower and had little appetite at home for further fighting overseas. - They became dependent on aid from the United States and faced pressure from both the United States and the Soviet Union, neither of which supported the continuation of European empires. - Their prestige was damaged by defeats and occupation during the war, which weakened the claim that their rule was unshakeable. - The new United Nations gave colonial questions an international platform and encouraged demands for self-determination.

2. Question 2

   4 marks

   State four long-term causes of the First World War.

   (4 marks)

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3. Question 3

   5 marks

   Describe five effects of the First World War on communities in East Africa.

   (5 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Award 1 mark each for any five described effects: - Heavy loss of life among porters, soldiers and civilians, from fighting and more especially from disease and exhaustion. - Famine and food shortages, as grain and livestock were taken for the campaign and men were absent from the farms at planting time. - Spread of disease along the supply routes, including the influenza epidemic of 1918 to 1919 which killed many people. - Disruption of trade and of normal farming, since labour was recruited and movement was controlled. - Higher taxation after the war, as the colonial government sought to recover the costs of the campaign. - Alienation of further land for settlement schemes for ex-soldiers from Europe. - Growth of political awareness, as returning porters and soldiers formed or joined welfare and political associations. - Transfer of German East Africa to British administration, which changed boundaries and rulers for some communities.

4. Question 4

   2 marks

   Identify two aims of the League of Nations when it was established in 1920.

   (2 marks)

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5. Question 5

   1 mark

   Which event showed clearly that the League of Nations was unable to stop one powerful member state from attacking another member state?

   A. The Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935

   B. The signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919

   C. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869

   D. The Berlin Conference of 1884 to 1885

   (1 mark)

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6. Question 6

   1 mark

   Immediately after the First World War, German East Africa (later Tanganyika) was placed under British administration through a:

   A. United Nations trusteeship agreement

   B. League of Nations mandate

   C. protectorate governed directly from Berlin

   D. self-governing dominion within the British Empire

   (1 mark)

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7. Question 7

   1 mark

   The Atlantic Charter of 1941 encouraged African nationalists because it stated that:

   A. the League of Nations was dissolved and colonies were abolished

   B. all peoples had the right to choose the form of government under which they would live

   C. the Commonwealth would immediately replace the British Empire

   D. every African colony would be granted independence within ten years

   (1 mark)

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8. Question 8

   1 mark

   During the First World War, tens of thousands of men from Kenya served as porters in the Carrier Corps. The main reason why so many porters were needed was that:

   A. Africans were the only people trained to use the modern rifles issued by the army

   B. porters were paid far higher wages than soldiers, so very many people volunteered

   C. the colonial government had banned the use of motor vehicles for the whole of the war

   D. few roads or railways existed and pack animals died of tsetse-borne disease, so supplies had to be carried by people

   (1 mark)

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9. Question 9

   3 marks

   Suggest three ways in which studying the global wars can help learners in your school to promote peace in their community.

   (3 marks)

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10. Question 10

    1 mark

    Which one of the following was the immediate cause of the First World War?

    A. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo in 1914

    B. The signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919

    C. The invasion of Poland by German forces

    D. The Japanese attack on the naval base at Pearl Harbor

    (1 mark)

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