Global Governance

10 Grade 10 History and Citizenship questions on Global Governance, with worked marking schemes. 10 questions are available on this topic in full.

1. Question 1

   2 marks

   Distinguish between the General Assembly and the Security Council of the United Nations.

   (2 marks)

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2. Question 2

   3 marks

   Account for the growing role of regional organisations such as the African Union in solving conflicts on the continent.

   (3 marks)

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3. Question 3

   1 mark

   Thousands of people fleeing an armed conflict in a neighbouring country cross into northern Kenya and settle in a camp. Which United Nations agency carries the main responsibility for their protection and welfare?

   A. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

   B. The United Nations Environment Programme

   C. The Food and Agriculture Organisation

   D. The International Court of Justice

   (1 mark)

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4. Question 4

   1 mark

   A draft resolution on an armed conflict is supported by thirteen of the fifteen members of the United Nations Security Council but is still not adopted. The most likely reason is that

   A. the General Assembly had already rejected the same resolution

   B. one of the permanent members cast a veto

   C. the Secretary-General declined to sign it

   D. a two-thirds majority of all United Nations members was needed

   (1 mark)

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5. Question 5

   4 marks

   State four functions of the United Nations.

   (4 marks)

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6. Question 6

   1 mark

   Which organ of the United Nations carries the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security?

   A. The General Assembly

   B. The Security Council

   C. The Secretariat

   D. The Economic and Social Council

   (1 mark)

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7. Question 7

   1 mark

   Which United Nations body has its global headquarters in Nairobi?

   A. The United Nations Environment Programme

   B. The World Health Organisation

   C. The United Nations Children's Fund

   D. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

   (1 mark)

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8. Question 8

   1 mark

   Two neighbouring states disagree over the position of their shared maritime boundary and agree to settle the matter in an international court. Which court hears such a case?

   A. The International Court of Justice

   B. The East African Legislative Assembly

   C. The International Criminal Court

   D. The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights

   (1 mark)

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9. Question 9

   4 marks

   Outline four ways in which Kenya benefits from membership of the East African Community.

   (4 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Award 1 mark for each benefit, to a maximum of 4: 1. A wider market for Kenyan goods such as tea, horticultural produce, cement and processed foods. 2. Free movement of people and labour within the bloc, allowing Kenyans to work and study in partner states. 3. Joint infrastructure projects and one-stop border posts that cut transport time and costs for traders. 4. A common external tariff that shields regional industries from cheap imports. 5. Joint security arrangements and peaceful settlement of disputes among partner states. 6. Shared institutions such as the East African Court of Justice and the East African Legislative Assembly. 7. Cooperation in education, including harmonised curricula and recognition of qualifications. 8. Cheaper raw materials and goods imported duty free from partner states. (Max 4 x 1 = 4 marks)

10. Question 10

    6 marks

    Explain three challenges that the United Nations faces in maintaining international peace.

    (6 marks)

    Marking scheme

    Award 1 mark for identifying the challenge and 1 mark for the explanation, for any 3: 1. The veto power of the permanent members (1) – a single permanent member can block action even when the rest of the Council agrees. (1) 2. Inadequate and irregular funding (1) – members delay or withhold contributions, so missions are cut short or under-equipped. (1) 3. Respect for state sovereignty (1) – the Charter bars interference in matters within a state's domestic jurisdiction, so the UN cannot act without consent. (1) 4. Lack of its own army (1) – it depends on troops volunteered by member states, which arrive slowly or in small numbers. (1) 5. Conflicting national interests of powerful states (1) – members protect allies and trading partners instead of agreeing on a common position. (1) 6. Rise of non-state actors such as militia and terrorist groups (1) – these have no government to negotiate with or hold to an agreement. (1) 7. Slow decision making and bureaucracy (1) – by the time a mission is approved, lives have already been lost. (1) (Any 3 x 2 = 6 marks)

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