Enlightenment Ideas and the American Revolution
10 Grade 10 History and Citizenship questions on Enlightenment Ideas and the American Revolution, with worked marking schemes. 10 questions are available on this topic in full.
Question 1
1 markWhich Enlightenment thinker argued that people have natural rights to life, liberty and property, and that a government which fails to protect these rights may be changed by the people?
A. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B. Baron de Montesquieu
C. John Locke
D. Thomas Hobbes
(1 mark)
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4 marksOutline four results of the American War of Independence for North America and for Britain.
(4 marks)
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3 marksState three ideas of the Enlightenment that shaped the thinking of leaders in the thirteen American colonies.
(3 marks)
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1 markThe division of government into an executive, a legislature and a judiciary, each keeping a check on the others, is an idea most closely associated with:
A. John Locke
B. Adam Smith
C. Voltaire
D. Baron de Montesquieu
(1 mark)
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4 marksState four factors that encouraged the growth of a separate American identity in the thirteen colonies by 1776.
(4 marks)
Marking scheme
Award 1 mark for each of any FOUR (max 4): - The great distance from Britain and slow sea communication weakened day-to-day control from London. - The colonies had run their own assemblies for many years and were used to deciding local matters themselves. - Settlers came from several European countries, so many felt little personal attachment to the British Crown. - Growing colonial farms, workshops and trade made the colonists feel economically capable of standing alone. - Common complaints drew the separate colonies into joint action, such as boycotts of British goods. - Newspapers, pamphlets and committees of correspondence carried Enlightenment ideas and news between colonies. - Colony-wide meetings such as the Continental Congress gave leaders experience of acting as one people.
Question 6
3 marksSuggest three lessons that a Grade 10 learner in Kenya can draw from Enlightenment ideas in order to become a more responsible citizen.
(3 marks)
Marking scheme
Award 1 mark for each of any THREE (max 3): - Obey the law, and expect leaders also to be bound by it (rule of law). - Take part in decision-making – school club and class elections, public participation forums, and voting once one turns eighteen. - Hold leaders to account, because authority is held in trust for the people. - Respect the rights and freedoms of others, including learners from different communities or faiths. - Weigh evidence and reason before believing or forwarding a claim, rather than spreading rumours online. - Settle disagreements at home and in school through dialogue rather than force. Accept any other reasonable lesson linked to an Enlightenment idea.
Question 7
4 marksOutline four ways in which the British government responded to protests in the thirteen colonies between 1765 and 1775.
(4 marks)
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1 markWhat did the British Parliament do soon after colonists destroyed a cargo of tea in Boston harbour in 1773?
A. It recognised the thirteen colonies as an independent country
B. It passed laws that closed Boston harbour and reduced self-government in Massachusetts
C. It invited representatives of the colonies to take seats in Parliament
D. It abolished all the taxes that had been imposed on the colonies
(1 mark)
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1 markWhich British economic rule angered traders in the thirteen colonies before 1776?
A. Colonies had to sell their main products to Britain and buy manufactured goods through British merchants
B. Colonies were forbidden from growing food crops for their own use
C. Colonies were required to use French currency in all their trade
D. Britain refused to buy any tobacco or timber produced in the colonies
(1 mark)
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1 markWhen settlers in the thirteen colonies protested with the words 'no taxation without representation', they were objecting mainly because:
A. the taxes they paid were higher than those paid by people living in Britain
B. the money collected from them was being spent on schools in the colonies
C. they had no elected members in the British Parliament that imposed the taxes
D. they believed that all taxes were unfair and refused to pay any tax at all
(1 mark)
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