Industry

16 Grade 10 Geography questions on Industry, with worked marking schemes. 16 questions are available on this topic in full.

1. Question 1

   1 mark

   Soft drink bottling plants in Kenya are built in or near large towns such as Nairobi, Kisumu and Mombasa rather than near the sugar belt. Which factor best explains this?

   A. The drink gains bulk and weight from the water added, so it is costly to carry far to the buyers

   B. Large towns are the only places with land flat enough for such plants

   C. Sugar is too expensive to transport from the factories to the towns

   D. Bottling machinery can only be operated by university graduates

   (1 mark)

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2. Question 2

   1 mark

   A plant that melts scrap metal and rolls it into iron sheets is classified as a heavy industry. Which characteristic places it in this class?

   A. It operates in shifts both during the day and at night

   B. It handles bulky raw materials and turns out heavy products

   C. It employs a very large number of casual workers

   D. It is owned by a large multinational company

   (1 mark)

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3. Question 3

   1 mark

   A cement factory has been built at Athi River rather than in the Nairobi city centre. Which factor best explains this choice of site?

   A. Nearby limestone deposits that lose weight when processed

   B. The geothermal power transmitted from Olkaria in Nakuru County

   C. A supply of cheap labour from the surrounding settlements

   D. The large market for cement among Nairobi builders

   (1 mark)

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4. Question 4

   1 mark

   Several clothing firms operate inside an Export Processing Zone near Mombasa. What is the main reason the government sets aside such zones?

   A. To train jua kali artisans in tailoring and garment design

   B. To attract investors who produce goods mainly for export

   C. To supply cheap clothing to shoppers in the nearby towns

   D. To move all manufacturing firms out of the city centres

   (1 mark)

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5. Question 5

   2 marks

   Distinguish between a processing industry and an assembly industry.

   (2 marks)

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6. Question 6

   4 marks

   Outline four problems facing jua kali artisans in Kenyan towns.

   (4 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Any FOUR, 1 mark each: - Inadequate capital, since banks are reluctant to lend without security - Use of simple, outdated tools, which limits the quality of the products - Lack of secure working space; sheds are temporary and artisans are often evicted - Competition from cheap imported goods that undercut their prices - A small and unreliable market, with poor marketing and few contracts - Limited technical training, so designs and finishing remain poor - Poor working conditions, including dust, noise and injury risks Max 4 marks.

7. Question 7

   5 marks

   Outline five ways in which the government of Kenya promotes industrial development.

   (5 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Any FIVE, 1 mark each: - Setting aside export processing zones and special economic zones for manufacturers - Giving tax incentives, such as duty remission on imported machinery and raw materials - Expanding power generation, for example geothermal at Olkaria, to give industries reliable electricity - Improving transport by building roads, the standard gauge railway and port facilities - Training technical skills through TVET colleges and polytechnics - Providing credit to small and medium enterprises through government funds - Protecting local industries by placing tariffs on competing imports - Buying locally made goods through government procurement policy - Setting up industrial parks with ready water, power and serviced plots Max 5 marks.

8. Question 8

   4 marks

   Give four reasons for the decline of the cotton and textile industry in Kenya.

   (4 marks)

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9. Question 9

   1 mark

   A plant that fits together imported electronic components could be sited in almost any town served by a good road. What explains this freedom of location?

   A. Assembling electronic goods does not call for any skilled workers

   B. Finished electronic goods are sold only to buyers within the same town

   C. The parts are light and cheap to transport, so the plant is not tied to a raw material source

   D. The law bars such plants from being sited near mining areas

   (1 mark)

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10. Question 10

    1 mark

    A factory on the shores of Lake Victoria receives fresh Nile perch from fishermen and packs it into sealed tins for sale. Under which category of industry does this factory fall?

    A. Primary, because the fish is taken directly out of the lake

    B. Secondary, because it changes a raw material into a finished product

    C. Tertiary, because the tins are later sold on to customers

    D. Quaternary, because machines are used in the tinning

    (1 mark)

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11. Question 11

    1 mark

    A factory releases warm, untreated effluent into a river. What is the most likely effect on aquatic life just downstream?

    A. The warmer water makes the fish grow faster and the catch improves

    B. The dissolved oxygen in the water drops and fish suffocate

    C. The volume of the river rises and dilutes every harmful substance

    D. The effluent settles on the bed and leaves the water above unaffected

    (1 mark)

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12. Question 12

    3 marks

    Suggest three measures a cement factory could take to reduce air pollution around its site.

    (3 marks)

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13. Question 13

    6 marks

    Explain three ways in which industrialisation has contributed to Kenya's economic development.

    (6 marks)

    Marking scheme

    Any THREE, 2 marks each (1 for the point, 1 for the explanation): - Creates employment: factories absorb school leavers and other workers (1), giving households a regular income that raises their purchasing power (1) - Earns foreign exchange: processed goods such as packed tea and garments from the export zones fetch far more abroad than raw produce (1), improving the country's balance of trade (1) - Adds value to farm produce: crops are processed at home instead of being exported raw (1), so farmers get better prices and less produce goes to waste (1) - Diversifies the economy: the country depends less on rain-fed agriculture (1), so incomes do not collapse whenever there is a drought (1) - Raises government revenue: firms pay taxes and licence fees (1), which fund schools, roads and health services (1) - Encourages growth of towns: workers settle near the factories (1), and roads, water and power are extended to serve them (1) Max 6 marks.

14. Question 14

    3 marks

    State three factors that a company would consider when choosing a site for a mango-canning factory in Murang'a County.

    (3 marks)

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15. Question 15

    1 mark

    Women in Kitui weave sisal baskets in their own homes using simple hand tools and sell them at the local market. Which feature of this work identifies it as a cottage industry?

    A. The baskets are sold within Kenya instead of being exported

    B. The work is done at home with simple tools and family labour

    C. Only women take part in the weaving of the baskets

    D. The baskets are made from a plant grown in the local area

    (1 mark)

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16. Question 16

    4 marks

    Explain two reasons why the government of Kenya encourages the setting up of industries in rural areas.

    (4 marks)

    Marking scheme

    Any TWO, 2 marks each (1 for the reason, 1 for the explanation): - To slow down rural-urban migration: jobs become available at home (1), so fewer young people move to Nairobi and Mombasa and pressure on urban housing and services is eased (1) - To spread development evenly: incomes, roads, power and water reach counties that were left behind (1), reducing regional imbalance in wealth (1) - To make use of local raw materials at their source (1), which cuts the cost of transporting bulky or perishable produce and gives farmers a ready market (1) Max 4 marks.

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