Introduction to General Science

12 Grade 10 General Science questions on Introduction to General Science, with worked marking schemes. 12 questions are available on this topic in full.

1. Question 1

   1 mark

   Dr Otieno works at a county livestock clinic in Kajiado, where she diagnoses and treats diseases in cattle, goats and camels. Which career related to General Science does she practise?

   A. Food technologist

   B. Soil scientist

   C. Agricultural engineer

   D. Veterinary surgeon

   (1 mark)

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2. Question 2

   4 marks

   Kiprono enjoys working with soil and crops on his family farm in Uasin Gishu and wishes to follow a career related to General Science.

   (a) Suggest two careers that Kiprono could follow. (2 marks)

   (b) Explain one way in which knowledge of General Science would help him in one of the careers you have suggested. (2 marks)

   (4 marks)

   Marking scheme

   (a) Any two of the following, 1 mark each (2 marks): - Agronomist/crop scientist - Soil scientist - Agricultural extension officer - Horticulturist - Plant breeder - Crop protection/plant health officer - Agricultural engineer (b) Any one well-explained way, 2 marks (1 mark for the way, 1 mark for the explanation) (2 marks): - Knowledge of soil chemistry/soil testing (1) helps him recommend the right fertiliser and lime to correct soil pH or nutrient shortage (1). - Knowledge of plant cells and nutrition (1) helps him understand how crops absorb water and mineral salts, so he can advise on watering and feeding (1). - Knowledge of pests and diseases (1) helps him identify and control them safely, raising yields (1). - Knowledge of the scientific method (1) helps him carry out trials to compare crop varieties before recommending them to farmers (1).

3. Question 3

   4 marks

   Residents living along a river in Nairobi have noticed that the water has become dirty and smelly, and that fish in the river are dying. Explain two ways in which knowledge of General Science can help the community conserve this river. (4 marks)

   (4 marks)

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4. Question 4

   4 marks

   Describe two ways in which General Science has contributed to the technology used in agriculture or healthcare in Kenya. (4 marks)

   (4 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Any two of the following, 2 marks each (1 mark for the technology, 1 mark for describing how it helps) (4 marks): - Vaccines (1), which protect people and livestock against diseases such as measles and foot-and-mouth disease (1). - X-ray and ultrasound machines (1), which allow doctors to see inside the body to diagnose illness (1). - Drip irrigation (1), which supplies water directly to plant roots and saves water in dry areas (1). - Certified/improved seeds (1), which are drought-tolerant, disease-resistant or high-yielding (1). - Solar dryers and cold storage (1), which reduce post-harvest losses of produce such as milk, fruits and vegetables (1). - Greenhouses (1), which control temperature and humidity to grow crops all year round (1). - Refrigeration (cold chain) (1) that keeps vaccines and medicines effective during transport (1). - Weather forecasting and mobile phone services (1) that help farmers plan planting and access market information (1).

5. Question 5

   1 mark

   Some Grade 10 learners noticed that milk left on the kitchen table goes sour faster than milk kept in a fridge. They suggested that warmth speeds up the souring of milk. What should they do next to follow the scientific process?

   A. Write their suggestion down as the final conclusion

   B. Repeat the observation without changing anything

   C. Carry out an experiment to test their suggestion

   D. Look for a new problem to investigate instead

   (1 mark)

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6. Question 6

   3 marks

   Explain the meaning of General Science as a learning area in Senior School. (3 marks)

   (3 marks)

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7. Question 7

   1 mark

   A Grade 10 learner wants to find out how fast bean seedlings grow over a period of two weeks. Which method of collecting data is most suitable?

   A. Asking classmates how tall they think seedlings are

   B. Describing the colour of the seedlings each morning

   C. Measuring seedling height with a ruler each day

   D. Taking one photograph of the seedlings at the end

   (1 mark)

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8. Question 8

   4 marks

   A farmer in Machakos noticed that the maize in one part of his farm was stunted and had yellow leaves, while the maize in the rest of the farm was tall and green. He concluded that the soil in that part of the farm lacked nitrogen.

   (a) Explain why the farmer's conclusion is an inference and not an observation. (1 mark)

   (b) Describe how the farmer could collect evidence to test his inference. (3 marks)

   (4 marks)

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9. Question 9

   6 marks

   Draw a table with three columns headed Career, Branch of science mostly used and One duty. Complete the table for three careers related to General Science that are NOT in agriculture. (6 marks)

   (6 marks)

   Marking scheme

   Three correct rows, 2 marks each: 1 mark for a correct career with a matching branch of science, 1 mark for a correct duty (6 marks). Acceptable rows include: - Doctor/clinical officer | Biology | diagnoses and treats diseases in people. - Nurse | Biology | cares for patients and gives medicine. - Pharmacist | Chemistry | prepares and dispenses medicines. - Laboratory technologist | Biology/Chemistry | tests samples such as blood, water or food. - Food technologist | Chemistry/Biology | processes, preserves and checks the quality of food. - Electrician/electrical engineer | Physics | installs and repairs electrical wiring and appliances. - Radiographer | Physics | takes X-ray images to help diagnose illness. - Meteorologist | Physics | studies and forecasts the weather. - Environmental officer | Biology/Chemistry | monitors and controls pollution. - Geologist | Physics/Chemistry | studies rocks and locates minerals. - Nutritionist | Biology | advises people on a balanced diet. A career without a matching branch, or a duty that does not belong to the career, earns no mark for that part. Agricultural careers earn no marks.

10. Question 10

    4 marks

    Outline four ways in which knowledge of General Science is useful to a family in day-to-day life. (4 marks)

    (4 marks)

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11. Question 11

    4 marks

    A group of Grade 10 learners is investigating how much plastic waste is produced in their school each week. Outline four methods they could use to collect data for this investigation. (4 marks)

    (4 marks)

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12. Question 12

    1 mark

    During a class activity, Wanjiru placed a potted bean plant in a dark cupboard for one week and then examined it. Which of the following statements is an inference rather than an observation?

    A. The leaves of the plant turned pale yellow

    B. The soil in the pot felt dry when touched

    C. Darkness stopped the leaves forming chlorophyll

    D. The stem grew taller and much thinner than before

    (1 mark)

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